“Tawuran Pelajar”: Ditinjau dengan perspektif perilaku Agresi

“Tawuran Pelajar”: Ditinjau dengan perspektif perilaku Agresi

BAB I
Pendahuluan
A. Latar Belakang
Pelajar yang sedang menempuh pendidikan di SLTP maupun SLTA, bila ditinjau dari segi usianya, sedang mengalami periode yang sangat potensial bermasalah. Periode ini sering digambarkan sebagai storm and drang period (topan dan badai). Dalam kurun ini timbul gejala emosi dan tekanan jiwa, sehingga perilaku mereka mudah menyimpang. Dari situasi konflik dan problem ini remaja tergolong dalam sosok pribadi yang tengah mencari identitas dan membutuhkan tempat penyaluran kreativitas. Jika tempat penyaluran tersebut tidak ada atau kurang memadai, mereka akan mencari berbagai cara sebagai penyaluran. Salah satu eksesnya, yaitu “tawuran”. .
.“Tawuran” mungkin kata tersebut sering kita dengar dan baca di media massa. Bagi warga Jakarta, aksi-aksi kekerasan baik individual maupun massal mungkin sudah merupakan berita harian. Saat ini beberapa televisi bahkan membuat program-program khusus yang menyiarkan berita-berita tentang aksi kekerasan. Aksi-aksi kekerasan dapat terjadi di mana saja, seperti di jalan-jalan, di sekolah, bahkan di kompleks-kompleks perumahan. Aksi tersebut dapat berupa kekerasan verbal (mencaci maki) maupun kekerasan fisik (memukul, meninju, dll). Pada kalangan remaja aksi yang biasa dikenal sebagai tawuran pelajar/masal merupakan hal yang sudah terlalu sering kita saksikan, bahkan cenderung dianggap biasa. Pelaku-pelaku tindakan aksi ini bahkan sudah mulai dilakukan oleh siswa-siswa di tingkat SLTP/SMP. Hal ini sangatlah memprihatinkan bagi kita semua.
Hal yang terjadi pada saat tawuran sebenarnya adalah perilaku agresi dari seorang individu atau kelompok. Agresi itu sendiri menurut Murray (dalam Hall & Lindzey, Psikologi kepribadian, 1993) didefinisikan sebagai suatu cara untuk melawan dengan sangat kuat, berkelahi, melukai, menyerang, membunuh,atau menghukum orang lain. Atau secara singkatnya agresi adalah tindakan yang dimaksudkan untuk melukai orang lain atau merusak milik orang lain.
Banyaknya tawuran antar pelajar di kota-kota besar di Indonesia merupakan fenomena menarik untuk dibahas. Di sini penulis akan memberi beberapa contoh dari berita-berita yang ada. Di Palembang pada tanggal 23 September 2006 terjadi tawuran antar pelajar yang melibatkan setidaknya lebih dari tiga sekolah, di antaranya adalah SMK PGRI 2, SMK GAJAH MADA KERTAPATI dan SMKN 4 (harian pagi Sumatra ekspres Palembang). Di Subang pada tanggal 26 Januari 2006 terjadi tawuran antara pelajar SMK YPK Purwakarta dan SMK Sukamandi (harian pikiran rakyat). Di Makasar pada tanggal 19 September 2006 terjadi tawuran antara pelajar SMA 5 dan SMA 3 (karebosi.com). Tidak hanya pelajar tingkat sekolah menengah saja yang terlibat tawuran, di Makasar pada tanggal 12 Juli 2006 mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Makasar terlibat tawuran dengan sesama rekannya disebabkan pro dan kontra atas kenaikan biaya kuliah (tempointeraktif.com). Sedangkan di Semarang sendiri pada tanggal 27 November 2005 terjadi tawuran antara pelajar SMK 5, SMK 4 dan SMK Cinde (liputan6.com). Masih banyak kejadian tawuran antar pelajar yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu per satu di sini.
Tawuran pelajar secara kuantitas sebenarnya boleh dikatakan kecil. Pusat Pengendalian Gangguan Sosial DKI Jakarta Raya mencatat, pelajar yang terlibat tawuran hanya sekitar 1.369 orang atau sekitar 0,08 persen dari keseluruhan siswa yang jumlahnya mencapai 1.685.084 orang. Namun dari segi isu, korban, dan dampaknya, tawuran tidak bisa dianggap enteng. Jumlah korban tewas akibat tawuran pelajar, sejak 1999 hingga kini yang tercatat mencapai 26 orang. Ini belum termasuk yang luka berat dan ringan. Secara sosial, tawuran juga telah meresahkan masyarakat dan secara material banyak fasilitas umum yang rusak, seperti dalam kasus pembakaran atau pelemparan bus umum.
Berkaitan dengan agresi Craig A. Anderson dan Brad J. Bushman dalam penelitiannya Effect Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognitiom, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, And Prososial Behavior menemukan bahwa video-game kekerasan mengajukan suatu ancaman kesehatan-masyarakat terhadap anak-anak dan remaja, khususnya para individu usia mahasiswa dimana video game kekerasan berhubungan secara positif dengan tingkat agresi yang dipertinggi pada dewasa muda dan anak-anak. Selain itu, video game kekerasan berhubungan secara positif dengan mekansime-mekanisme utama yang mendasari efek-efek jangka panjang terhadap perkembangan kepribadian yang agresif – kognisi agresif.
. M. Brent Donnellan, Kali H. Trzesniewski, Richard W. Robins, Terrie E. Moffit dan Avshalom Caspi dalam penelitiannya Low Self Esteem is related to Aggression, Anti Social Behavior, and Delinquency menunjukkan bahwa self-esteem bisa meramalkan masalah-masalah pengeksternalisasian dimasa depan; anak-anak berusia 11 tahun dengan self-esteem yang rendah cenderung meningkat agresinya pada umur 13.
Andreas diekmann, Monika jungbaeur-gans, Heinz Krassing, Sigrid Lorenz dalam penelitiannya Social Status and Aggression menunjukan bahwa social status yang lebih tinggi tidak hanya menghambat respon agressif namun juga dapat memperhebat kecenderungan agresif seseorang, namun penelitian ini tidak dapat di generalisasikan karena perbedaan budaya dapat juga memainkan peran dalam agresi..
Berdasarkan uraian diatas penulis bermaksud memandang tawuran dengan memahami bebarapa perspektif perilaku agresi dan mencari jalan keluar untuk mengatasi masalah tawuran pelajar.

B. Rumusan Masalah
Dari latar belakang yang tersurat dalam pendahuluan di atas dapat ditarik suatu rumusan masalah pokok sebagai berikut, Bagaimana teori agresi memandang tawuran pelajar dan bagaimana cara mencegah terjadinya tawuran pelajar?










BAB II
Landasan Teori

A. Pengertian
Agresi walaupun merupakan konsep yang sangat familiar tetapi tampaknya tidak
mudah untuk mendefinisikannya. Agresi merupakan perilaku yang dimaksudkan menyakiti orang lain, baik secara fisik maupun psikis (Baron & Byrne, 1994; Brehm & Kassin, 1993; Brigham, 1991). Dalam hal ini, jika menyakiti orang lain karena unsur ketidaksengajaan, maka perilaku tersebut bukan dikategorikan perilaku agresi. Rasa sakit
akibat tindakan medis misalnya, walaupun sengaja dilakukan bukan termasuk agresi. Sebaliknya, niat menyakiti orang lain tetapi tidak berhasil, hal ini dapat dikatakan sebagai
perilaku agresi.
Perilaku agresif adalah perilaku fisik atau lisan yang disengaja dengan maksud untuk menyakiti dan merugikan orang lain. Jenis Agresi digolongkan menjadi dua, yaitu (1) agresi permusuhan (hostile aggression) semata- mata dilakukan dengan maksud menyakiti orang lain atau sebagai ungkapan kemarahan dan ditandai dengan emosi yang tinggi. Perilaku agresif dalam jenis pertama ini adalah tujuan dari agresi itu sendiri dan (2) agresi instrumental (instrumental aggression) pada umumnya tidak disertai emosi. Perilaku agresif hanya merupakan sarana untuk mencapai tujuan lain selain penderitaan korbannya. Agresi instrumental mencakup perkelahian untuk membela diri, penyerangan terhadap seseorang ketika terjadi perampokan, perkelahian untuk membuktikan kekuasaan atau dominasi seseorang (Myers dalam Sarwono,2002). Perbedaan kedua jenis agresi ini terletak pada tujuan yang mendasarinya. Jenis pertama semata- mata untuk melampiaskan emosi, sedangkan agresi jenis kedua dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan lain.

B. Bentuk-bentuk Agresi
Bentuk atau ekspresi agresi dapat berupa fisik maupun verbal. Agresi yang berbentuk fisik seperti memukul, menendang, melempar, merusak serta bentuk- bentuk lain yang dapat mengakibatkan sakit/ luka pada objek atau sumber frustasi. Sedangkan bentuk agresi yang bersifat verbal seperti mencaci- maki, berteriak- teriak, mengeluarkan kata- kata yang kasar/ kotor dan bentuk- bentuk lain yang sifatnya verbal/ lisan.

C. Teori-Teori Agresi
1. Teori Frustrasi - Agresi
Teori frustrasi-agresi atau hipotesis frustrasi-agresi (frustration-aggression hypothesis) berasumsi bahwa bila usaha seseorang untuk mencapai suatu tujuan mengalami hambatan, akan timbul dorongan agresif yang pada gilirannya akan memotivasi perilaku yang dirancang untuk melukai orang atau objek yang menyebabkan frustrasi (Dollard dkk dalam Prabowo, 1998). Menurut formulasi ini, agresi bukan dorongan bawaan, tetapi karena frustrasi merupakan kondisi yang cukup universal,agresi tetap merupakan dorongan yang harus disalurkan.
2. Teori Belajar Sosial
Teori belajar sosial lebih memperhatikan faktor tarikan dari luar. Bandura (dalam
Sarwono, 2002) mengatakan bahwa dalam kehidupan sehari- hari pun perilaku agresif
dipelajari dari model yang dilihat dalam keluarga, dalam lingkungan kebudayaan setempat atau melalui media massa.
3. Teori Kualitas Lingkungan
Strategi yang dipilih seseorang untuk stimulus mana yang diprioritaskan atau
diabaikan pada suatu waktu tertentu akan menentukan reaksi positif atau negatif terhadap lingkungan. Berikutnya adalah teori Kualitas Lingkungan yang salah satunya meliputi kualitas fisik (ambient condition). Berbicara mengenai kualitas fisik (ambient condition), Rahardjani dan Ancok (dalam Prabowo, 1998) menyajikan beberapa kualitas fisik yang mempengaruhi perilaku yaitu: kebisingan, temperatur, kualitas udara, pencahayaan dan warna. Menurut Ancok (dalam Prabowo, 1998), keadaan bising dan temperatur yang tinggi akan mempengaruhi emosi para penghuni. Sedangkan menurut Holahan (dalam Prabowo, 1998) tingginya suhu dan polusi udara paling tidak dapat menimbulkan dua efek yaitu efek kesehatan dan efek perilaku.



BAB III
Pembahasan
A. Tawuran Merupakan Perilaku Agresif yang Marak dilakukan di Kalangan Pelajar
Tawuran merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku agresi, karena dalam tawuran terdapat perilaku baik fisik atau lisan yang disengaja dengan maksud untuk menyakiti dan merugikan orang lain.
Masa Remaja merupakan masa manusia mencari jati diri. Pencarian tersebut direfleksikan melalui aktivitas berkelompok dan menonjolkan keegoannya. Yang dinamakan kelompok tidak hanya lima atau sepuluh orang saja. Satu sekolah pun bisa dinamakan kelompok. Kalau kelompok sudah terbentuk, akan timbul adanya semacam ikatan batin antara sesama kelompoknya untuk menjaga harga diri kelomponya. Maka tidak heran, apabila kelompoknya diremehkan, emosianal-lah yang akan mudah berbicara.
Pada fase ini, remaja termasuk kelompok yang rentan melakukan berbagai perilaku negatif secara kolektif (group deviation). Mereka patuh pada norma kelompoknya yang sangat kuat dan biasanya bertentangan dengan norma masyarakat yang berlaku. Penyimpangan yang dilakukan kelompok, umumnya sebagai akibat pengaruh pergaulan atau teman. Kesatuan dan persatuan kelompok dapat memaksa seseorang untuk ikut dalam kejahatan kelompok, supaya jangan disingkirkan dari kelompoknya. Disinilah letak bahayanya bagi perkembangan remaja yakni apabila nilai yang dikembangkan dalam kelompok sebaya adalah nilai yang negatif.
B. Pandangan teori Agresi terhadap Sebab Terjadinya Tawuran
Tawuran pelajar merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku penyimpangan sosial kolektif remaja dan perilaku agresif yang marak terjadi di daerah perkotaan. Penyebab tawuran kadang tidak jelas. Disinilah uniknya, sampai sampai kelompok kerja ( pokja ) penanggulangan masalah tawuran ( 1999 ) tidak mampu memberi jawaban yang jelas mengenai apa penyebab tawuran. Mungkin dianggap telah menjadi tradisi. Kadang juga hanya sekedar untuk balas dendam atau pun unjuk kekuatan saja. Tak jarang pula melibatkan penggunaan senjata tajam atau bahkan senjata api ( bom molotov ) dan menimbulkan banyak korban berjatuhan. Aksi-aksi yang dilakukan para pelajar dalam tawuran semakin beringas saja. Selain itu, tawuran juga melahirkan dendam berkepanjangan bagi para pelaku yang terlibat di dalamnya dan sering berlanjut pada tahun tahun berikutnya. Kiranya, ada baiknya kita memahami sebab terjadinya tawuran dengan teori Agresi, karena tawuran merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku Agresi.
1. Teori Frustrasi – Agresi
Frustrasi terjadi bila seseorang terhalang oleh sesuatu hal dalam mencapai suatu tujuan, kebutuhan, keinginan, pengharapan atau tindakan tertentu. Agresi merupakan salah satu cara berespon terhadap frustrasi. Remaja miskin yang nakal adalah akibat dari frustrasi yang berhubungan dengan banyaknya waktu menganggur, keuangan yang pas-pasan dan adanya kebutuhan yang harus segera terpenuhi tetapi sulit sekali tercapai. Akibatnya mereka menjadi mudah marah dan berperilaku agresi.
Frustrasi yang berujung pada perilaku agresi sangat banyak contohnya, salah satunya tawuran pelajar yang terjadi di Jakarta ada kemungkinan faktor frustrasi ini memberi sumbangan yang cukup berarti pada terjadinya peristiwa tersebut. Sebagai contoh banyaknya anak-anak sekolah yang bosan dengan waktu luang yang sangat banyak dengan cara nongkrong-nongkrong di pinggir jalan dan ditambah lagi saling ejek mengejek yang bermuara pada terjadinya perkelahian. Banyak juga perkelahian disulut oleh karena frustrasi yang diakibatkan hampir setiap saat dipalak (diminta uangnya) oleh anak sekolah lain padahal sebenarnya uang yang di palak adalah untuk kebutuhan dirinya.
Perspektif frustasi-agresi dipelopori oleh 5 orang ahli yaitu Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, dan Sears pada tahun 1939 (Brigham, 1991). Pada mulanya mereka menyatakan bahwa dalam setiap frstasi selalu menimbulkan perilaku agresi. Pada yahun 1941, Miller menyatakn bahwa frustasi menimbulkan sejumlah respon yang berbeda dan tidak selalu menimbulkan perilaku agresi. Perilaku agresi hanya salah satu bentuk respon yang muncul. Watson (1984), Kulik dan Brwn (dalam Worchel dan Cooper, 1986) menyatakan bahwa frustasi yang muncul dari akibat faktor luar menimbulkan perilaku agresi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan halangan yang diebabkan diri sendiri. Hasil penelitian Burnstein dan Worchel menyatakan bahwa frustasi yang menetap akan mendorong perilaku agresi. Dalam hal ini, orang siap melakukan perilaku agresi karena orang menahan ekspresi agresi. Frustasi yang disebabkan situasi yang tidak menentu(uncertaint) akan memicu perilaku agresi semakin besar dibandingkan dengan frustasi karena situasi yang menentu.

Dollard dkk menyatakan bahwa walaupun frustasi menimbulkan perilaku agresi tetapi perilaku agresi dapat dicegah jika ada hukuman terhadap perilaku agresi. Dalam kenyataannya, tidak setiap perilaku agresi dapat diarahkan pada sumber frustasi, sehingga orang akan mengarahkan (dalam Worchel dan Cooper, 1986)
2. Teori Belajar Sosial
Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa pada saat ini anak-anak dan remaja banyak belajar menyaksikan adegan kekerasan melalui Televisi dan juga "games" atau pun mainan yang bertema kekerasan. Acara-acara yang menampilan adegan kekerasan hampir setiap saat dapat ditemui dalam tontonan yang disajikan di televisi mulai dari film kartun, sinetron, sampai film laga. Selain itu ada pula acara-acara TV yang menyajikan acara khusus perkelahian yang sangat populer dikalangan remaja seperti Smack Down, UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) atau sejenisnya. Walaupun pembawa acara berulang kali mengingatkan penonton untuk tidak mencontoh apa yang mereka saksikan namun diyakini bahwa tontonan tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan jiwa penontonnya.
Model pahlawan di film-film seringkali mendapat imbalan setelah mereka melakukan tindak kekerasan. Hal ini sudah barang tentu membuat penonton akan semakin mendapat penguatan bahwa hal tersebut merupakan hal yang menyenangka dan dapat dijadikan suatu sistem nilai bagi dirinya. Dengan menyaksikan adegan kekerasan tersebut terjadi proses belajar peran model kekerasan dan hal ini menjadi sangat efektif untuk terciptanya perilaku agresi.
Dalam penelitiannya Craig A. Anderson dan Brad J. Bushman dalam penelitiannya Effect Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognitiom, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, And Prososial Behavior menemukan bahwa video-game kekerasan mengajukan suatu ancaman kesehatan-masyarakat terhadap anak-anak dan remaja, khususnya para individu usia mahasiswa dimana video game kekerasan berhubungan secara positif dengan tingkat agresi yang dipertinggi pada dewasa muda dan anak-anak. Selain itu, video game kekerasan berhubungan secara positif dengan mekansime-mekanisme utama yang mendasari efek-efek jangka panjang terhadap perkembangan kepribadian yang agresif – kognisi agresif. .
Selain model dari yang di saksikan di televisi belajar model juga dapat berlangsung secara langsung dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Bila seorang yang sering menyaksiksikan tawuran di jalan, mereka secara langsung menyaksikan kebanggaan orang yang melakukan agresi secara langsung. Atau dalam kehidupan bila terbiasa di lingkungan rumah menyaksikan peristiwa perkelahian antar orang tua dilingkungan rumah, ayah dan ibu yang sering cekcok dan peristiwa sejenisnya, semua itu dapat memperkuat perilaku agresi yang ternyata sangat efektif bagi dirinya.
Model kekerasan juga seringkali ditampilkan dalam bentuk mainan yang dijual di toko-toko. Seringkali orang tua tidak terlalu perduli mainan apa yang di minta anak, yang penting anaknya senang dan tidak nangis lagi. Sebenarnya permainan-permainan sangat efektif dalam memperkuat perilaku agresif anak dimasa mendatang. Permainan-permainan yang mengandung unsur kekerasan yang dapat kita temui di pasaran misalnya pistol-pistolan, pedang, model mainan perang-perangan, bahkan ada mainan yang dengan model Goilotine (alat penggal kepala sebagai hukuman mati di Perancis jaman dulu). Mainan kekerasan ini bisa mempengaruhi anak karena memberikan informasi bahwa kekerasan (agresi) adalah sesuatu yang menyenangkan. Permainan lain yang sama efektifnya adalah permainan dalam video game atau play station yang juga banyak menyajikan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan sebagai suatu permainan yang mengasikkan.

3. Teori Kualitas Lingkungan
Teori kualitas lingkungan dilihat dari kualitas lingkungan sekolah
Setidaknya ada 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kerawanan sekolah.Pertama adalah faktor fisik sekolah Seperti berdekatan dengan pusat-pusat hiburan/keramaian, kurangnya sistem pengamanan lingkungan, serta tidak tersedianya sarana yang membuat anak-anak betah di sekolah. Kedua adalah faktor psikoedukatif, yaitu ketertiban dan kelancaran proses belajar-mengajar di sekolah. Ketiga adalah faktor efektivitas interaksi edukatif di sekolah.
Kedua dari manajemen rumah tangga yang tidak efektif Pola asuh yang tidak tepat (pola asuh keras menguasai maupun pola membebaskan) serta hubungan yang tidak harmonis antar anggota keluarga dapat menyebabkan anak tidak betah di rumah dan mencari pelampiasan kegiatan di luar bersama teman-temannya. Hal ini tidak jarang menyeret mereka kepada pergaulan remaja yang tak sehat, seperti perkelahian.
Kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal yang tidak berkualitas, tidak nyaman dan tidak layak, akan mempengaruhi remaja dalam menyikapi dan membangun hubungan dengan dunia sekitarnya. Bagi remaja yang hidup di tempat kumuh dan kotor kemungkinan besar mereka tidak akan nyaman tinggal di rumah sehingga akan melarikan diri dari kenyataan. Pada kondisi inilah remaja mudah tergiur untuk berbuat menyimpang karena lepas dari norma dan pengawasan di rumah .

Remaja yang tidak merasa dihargai, tidak dipahami, dan tidak diterima seperti apa adanya oleh orangtua di rumah juga akan cenderung untuk lari dari situasi riil. Dalam kondisi ini remaja yang secara psikologis mudah goyah dalam pendirian akan mudah terangsang untuk berperilaku menyimpang. Seperti hasil penelitian M. Brent Donnellan, Kali H. Trzesniewski, Richard W. Robins, Terrie E. Moffit dan Avshalom Caspi dalam penelitiannya Low Self Esteem is related to Aggression, Anti Social Behavior, and Delinquency self-esteem yang rendah cenderung meningkat agresinya pada umur 13.


C. Upaya Mengatasi Tawuran

1. Dengan memandang masa remaja merupakan periode storm and drang period (topan dan badai) dimana gejala emosi dan tekanan jiwa, sehingga perilaku mereka mudah menyimpang. Maka pelajar sendiri perlu mengisi waktu luangnya dengan kegiatan yang lebih bermanfaat, Seperti Mengikuti kegiatan kursus, berolahraga, mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakulikuler, dll.
2. Lingkungan keluarga juga dapat melakukan pencegahan terjadinya tawuran, dengan cara:
a. Mengasuh anak dengan baik.
- Penuh kasih sayang
- Penanaman disiplin yang baik
- Ajarkan membedakan yang baik dan buruk
- Mengembangkan kemandirian, memberi kebebasan bertanggung jawab
- Mengembangkan harga diri anak, menghargai jika berbuat baik atau mencapai prestasi tertentu.
b. Ciptakan suasana yang hangat dan bersahabat: Hal ini membuat anak rindu untuk pulang ke rumah.
c. Meluangkan waktu untuk kebersamaan
Orang tua menjadi contoh yang baik dengan tidak menunjukan perilaku agresif, seperti: memukul, menghina dan mencemooh.
d. Memperkuat kehidupan beragama
Yang diutamakan bukan hanya ritual keagamaan, melainkan memperkuat nilai moral yang terkandung dalam agama dan menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari - hari.
e. Melakukan pembatasan dalam menonton adegan film yang terdapat tindakan kekerasannya dan melakukan pemilahan permainan video game yang cocok dengan usianya.
f. Orang tua menciptakan suasana demokratis dalam keluarga, sehingga anak memiliki keterampilan social yang baik. Karena kegagalan remaja dalam menguasai keterampilan sosial akan menyebabkan ia sulit meyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sekitar. Sehingga timbul rasa rendah diri, dikucilkan dari pergaulan, cenderung berperilaku normatif (misalnya, asosial ataupun anti-sosial).Bahkan lebih ekstrem biasa menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan jiwa, kenakalan remaja, tindakan kriminal, tindakan kekerasan, dsb.
3. Sekolah juga memiliki peran dalam mengatasi pencegahan tawuran, diantaranya:
a. Menyelenggarakan kurikulum Pendidikan yang baik adalah yang bisa Mengembangkan secara seimbang tiga potensi, yaitu berpikir, berestetika, dan berkeyakinan kepada Tuhan.
b. Pendirian suatu sekolah baru perlu dipersyaratkan adanya ruang untuk kegiatan olahraga, karena tempat tersebut perlu untuk penyaluran agresivitas
remaja.
c. Sekolah yang siswanya terlibat tawuran perlu menjalin komunikasi dan
koordinasi yang terpadu untuk bersama-sama mengembangkan pola
penanggulangan dan penanganan kasus. Ada baiknya diadakan pertandingan
atau acara kesenian bersama di antara sekolah-sekolah yang secara
"tradisional bermusuhan" itu.
4. LSM dan Aparat Kepolisian
LSM disini dapat melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan di sekolah-sekolah mengenai dampak dan upaya yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat menanggulangi tawuran. Aparat kepolisian juga memiliki andil dalam menngulangi tawuran dengan cara menempatkan petugas di daerah rawan dan melakukan razia terhadap siswa yang membawa senjata tajam.



DAFTAR PUSTAKA
A, Craig. Effect Of Violent Video Games On Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognitiom, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, And Prososial Behavior. American Psychologycal Society 2001, (353-359).

Baron, R.A., dan Byrne D.B, 1994 Social Psychology. Under Standing Human Interaction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Brent, M. Low Self Esteem is related to Aggression, Anti Social Behavior, and Delinquency. Research Article. American Psychological Society 2005, (328-335).

Bringham, J.C., Social Psychology. New York: Harper colligns. Publishers Inc.

Diekmann, Andreas. Social Status and Aggression. The Journal of Social Psichology 1996, 136(6), (761-768).

Prabowo, H. 1998. “Seri Diktat Kuliah : Pengantar Psikologi Lingkungan”. Depok
:FakultasPsikologi,UniversitasGunadarma.

Sarwono, S.W. 2002. “Psikologi Sosial (Individu dan Teori- teori Psikologi Sosial)”. Jakarta : Balai Pustaka.

Watson, D.L. 1994. Social Psychology. Science and Aplication. Illinois: Scott and Foresmanand Co.

Worchel, S. dan Cooper, J. 1986. Understanding Social Psychology.Illinois: The Dorsey Press.
www.liputan6.com.

www.karebosi.com

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How To Stop Over-Giving and Still Have People Love You

Author: Veryl Rosenbaum

Article:
Page 1

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OVER-GIVER

You may be giving too much love, money, advice, time, care and
affection and not even realizing you are over-giving, creating
an out-of-balance situation in your relationships. Thisms.com
- Show quoted text -
complication can cause problems which perplex you! We can fix it!

If you suspect you give too much to others, welcome to the
"Over-Givers' Club!" We members share a number of
characteristics which arouse love, envy, gratitude and, much to
our surprise, anger in others. Our main personality attribute is
that we are not only extremely generous but we give too much. If
a child comes for dinner we start heaping on the food before
that "gift from heaven" sits down. When we go to someone's house
for lunch, as soon as the last sip of coffee passes our lips we
are cleaning up and scrubbing down the pots and pans before you
can blink an eye. We're the first one to offer to bring the main
dish for the pot luck, even though several predictable people
always fall asleep when the question is raised about that turkey
that needs to get cooked. We love to give of ourselves. We give
lots of love and sometimes too much, just like our over-abundant
food trays. We extend our charities before people ask for help,
but we often overwhelm them with our gracious assistance. We
enjoy giving advice. We love to offer our time to listen.

We were born with the care-givers' heart and find it very easy
to be an over-giver. We believe, despite reality, that everyone
finds generosity as simple to extend as we do. When folks are
miserly with their offers of help, money, food, wisdom and
affection, we think they can share those gifts as easily as we
do but, for some unknown reason, are emotionally withholding.
It's a big mystery to us, confounding and confusing. We ponder
why someone would not want to give of themselves to others. And
give lots and lots!

If you are not a member of this club, you probably know some who
is and maybe you can help them to stop over-giving, reassuring
them that people will actually love them more if they take the
big step into self-awareness. If you have recognized yourself in
the description, relax and learn how you can become an even more
wonderful person.

NO ONE WILL ANALYZE YOU AND WHY YOU OVER-GIVE

There is a wonderful sense of warm fulfillment when we are
giving to others. That arm around the shoulder, the hug when
someone needs affection, the sharing of food, money, time and
advice is a joy to those of us who find it a pleasure to give
Page two from the heart. The agenda to assist your journey from
an over giver to a realistic giver will not take away any of
that delightful feeling of sharing and caring. I can make this
promise because I have helped thousands of people stop
over-giving. I make you another promise also. You will have more
energy, creativity, serenity and mutual relationships that you
have ever experienced. You won't have to sit with a therapist to
find out why you over give. You won't have to take any tests or
make any confessions. All you have to be willing to do is to try
something new and easy. It's also cool that it doesn't cost a
dime! Please don't give me anything either!

THE JOYS OF GIVING

For your own information please write down a few of your "Giving
Ways". To aid you in your list, some of "Giving Ways "can be:
Charity, Humor, Listening, Support in financial/ marital/
parenting, friendship and career crisis situations, Materials
like money/housing/ gifts and food, Professional giving of free
services, Smiles and Compliments. Please add to the list
whatever you love to share.

Next write a list of the "Rewards of Giving." They can be
plentiful; Happiness, Fulfillment, Joy, Glee of Sharing,
Bountiful, Sense of Purpose, Spiritually uplifting, Connections
to the Creator, Virtuousness and Closeness to Others. Let your
mind wander and enjoy the feelings you create when you are
giving to others on all different levels.

These two lists are profound and a large part of your sense of
self as a valuable person, willing to lend a hand in many
different ways. You are to be commended for devoting yourself to
the spiritual duty to share with your fellow man. There is
nothing negative in "Giving Ways" and "Rewards of Giving" as
long as the acts do harm. These positive personality traits are
treasures about yourself. People who are unable to give will
never experience the pleasures of being a generous individual.

YOUR EMOTIONAL BALANCE OF GIVING

THE SHARING TREE

The next easy step is to think of your generosity as a big apple
tree. You don't have to be an artist to draw a big tree with six
apples on it. Make the apples big enough to write inside of them
the different people or groups you feel you are super-generous
with. Most people put in different children, work groups,
charities, neighbors, etc. This "Sharing Tree" of yours in only
for your information, to give you a picture of the recipients of
your giving ways. Now draw some roots at the bottom of the tree
and at the end of the roots, honestly write in who is equally
giving to you.

If you are a member of the Over-Givers Club, you will probably,
if you are being

Page three

honest with yourself, find that the apples are getting a great
deal and that you are not being equally nourished. If you find
your apples and roots are equal, then you can be a helpmate to
someone who has discovered themselves to me an over-giver.

YOUR EXPECTATIONS

Even though we impulsively give to others and enjoy our acts
which come from the care-giver's heart, we are also human. It is
normal when you extend yourself on an emotional, spiritual or
materialistic level that you would expect something in return.
Your next list is to write down your expectations when you give.
Some of these reasonable desires: "Thank You," in voice or note,
Return of Favors, Love, Kindness, Gratitude through affection,
Friendship, Fellowship, Spiritual Enlightenment, Good luck, etc.
Do not be embarrassed is you have a longer list, as this
information is purely to understand yourself and move along into
the smooth path of becoming a realistic generous person.

It is also normal when our expectations, even if they are
modest, are not met. The over-giver may feel betrayed, lonely,
angry, confused and bitter. A good example is lending someone
money. They are grateful but then begin to avoid you. This is
always a surprise! You graciously sacrificed yourself and gave
money to your 'friend in need' and then you are shunned! You
might feel bitter when you then see the 'friend' that owes you
money, splurging on a new pair of shoes. The person becomes
irate if you ask for the money back after a reasonable time.
This anger adds to your sense of being "used and abused."
Oftentimes the friendship ends after lending someone money.
Please accept that your feelings surround these events are okay,
because they are your feelings. If you feel overwhelmed by them,
seek counseling with a therapist or religious advisor. Most life
coaches are sophisticated in the realm of anger and its attached
expressions of frustration.

THE UNBALANCED EMOTIONAL LEDGER

To help you understand why people do not always respond to your
generosity with gratefulness and caring, let's talk about the
Emotional Ledger which most people carry within their
subconscious minds. Most people, when needy, hope one day to be
able to "even the score," and return the favors you have given
to them. When you over-give you create a "Burden of Gratitude"
to the receiver of your bounties. This creates a sense of
unworthiness because the people who you give too much money,
food, love, advice, compliments, time, etc., begin to feel they
can never catch up emotionally, materially or spiritually to
your over-abundance of giving. It may seem strange when you
'Just want to be your giving, loving self," but it is very true.
Most people, when asked, will admit they feel ungrateful,
uncomfortable and Page four

sometimes suffocated by over-giving friends, parents and
co-workers. It's hard to come right out and say that! They just
ease away from you, hoping they won't have to confront you with
their discomforts.

While you are honestly reviewing your behavior, picture of
person with their hands cupped in front of them. See you
"givingness" as a jug of water. You pour your gifts into the
cupped hands. The person feels the water filling up their hands,
but cannot feel the water that overflows when you continue to
pour water into their hands when they are full. This is a
picture of over-giving. The person can see the abundance, but
cannot really feel it because the are 'full'.

TOOLS FOR REALISTIC GIVING

INTUITION

The first tool to begin the process of giving up over-giving is
to make friends with your intuition. Regardless of some cultural
beliefs that intuition is a female trait, intuition is a
instinctual survival skill which we all process. We may not pay
attention to our intuition but it is always present. Scientists
have now discovered the place in the brain where intuition
rests, (in the right brain hemisphere,) a fact psychotherapists
have always known.

Intuition is just another way of 'knowing." The right brain
activity is without the words and numbers in the left brain
hemisphere and you enter into this brain when you are drawing,
painting, creating music and poetry, imagining of all sorts,
etc. The intuitive brain has inner senses that 'gut feel'
situations and send out alarms for danger (fleeing or fighting)
or a sense of calmness when events are good for us. Our
intuition 'reads' people and thus we have our first, and
usually, lasting impressions of people. I believe that intuition
is a survival instinct which was much treasured as we made our
way through the dangers of history to become our modern day
selves.

Set some time aside to discuss how your intuition works for you
today and in the past. Share this knowledge with friends and
when you have accepted that the intuitive powers within you are
always working, you are ready to use this knowledge as your
major skill in become a emotionally balanced giver instead of an
over-giver. You may want to spend time learning how to meditate
to become comfortable with your intuitive brain. Meditation puts
you into the right side of your brain - home to the intuitive
process.

Remembering the person with the 'cupped hands of need" accept
the fact that a person can only receive from you what they are
able to symbolically hold. Then write down this mantra for good
health and say it out loud.

Page five

"I give my intuition the ability to always know exactly how
much each person can receive from me and only give that amount."

When you give your intuition this task, you never have to think
about it again. Since the intuition "knows" with its emotional
radar system, what people can receive, you will actually act
accordingly. The intuition, remember, comes from the part of the
brain without words, so you do not have to spend precious time
ruminating about what a person can 'receive." You will just
'know."





THE WAVE VISUALIZATION

The second tool for becoming a realistic giving individual is a
simple visualization. I ask people to visualize (it takes about
a minute) everyday while they are brushing their teeth (you
usually aren't doing anything else!)

Close your eyes and see yourself standing on a beautiful beach
in front of the ocean. To your sides and behind you stand all
the people who you 'give' to with their hands cupped in front of
them. Think of your giving energy as a color which you love. See
a wave of your color energy begin to form and go out into the
ocean. See the splashes from your huge colorful wave fill the
cups of all the people who receive your gifts of love. See them
walk away with happy faces. You have so much to give that the
splashes take care of everyone! Then as the wave grows bigger to
go out into the universe, you (as the creator of the
visualization) turn the wave and bring it into your heart. You
may feel a sense of deep, loving power enter yourself. You may
not feel this, but that's ok. Just turn the wave of energy back
into you since it has completed it's task of filling your
receivers with as much as your love as they can handle.

Please do this visualization once a day, to set yourself in tune
with your devotion to being a realistic giver.

People have responded to this Intuitive and Wave Visualization
technique for many years and find they have more energy (work,
play, creativity, love) because of not over-giving. The biggest
reward is balanced relationships. No one actually notices that
you have stopped over-giving because they couldn't feel the
emotions that overflowed their 'needing cups.' However, they
feel more comfortable with you because the emotional ledger is
no longer burdened with you doing all the giving. Page six

One patient mentioned that she realized it "was a control issue"
with her, keeping people in 'many kinds of debt' to her where
they could only pay interest but never get to the principal!
Giving up the over-giving was easy, dealing with the control
issues was harder, but doable.

You do not have to figure out why you created yourself as an
over-giver, you only have to use your intuition and
visualization technique to swim into a better way of living.
Good luck and healthy giving!

























About the author:
Veryl Rosenbaum, nationally certified psychoanalyst has authored
the books: Being Female, How To Avoid Divorce, Conquering
Loneliness and Living With Teenagers. "Spiritual based therapy
leads to deeper sense of self." www.drvdrea

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Awaken and Stretch Your Imagination

Author: Carroll J. Wright, Ph.D.

Article:


Awaken and Stretch Your Imagination

A giant is awakening in the world. A giant of awareness. We are
awakening from compulsions, addictions and phobias. We are being
called to awaken from our ego story and from various forms of
archetypal Eros that have taken over our life? We are awakening
from boredom, normality, neurosis, psychosis and anxiety. It is
time that we awaken from the collective mind.

Who or what is awakening? Is something awakening in you? Is a
new sense of self beginning to emerge in you? Is a mysterious
desire or power awakening in you? Are you becoming aware of a
greater reality you cannot yet name?

There are estimates that about 30% of the planet is awakening to
a new sense of self and spirituality. A rising tide of
consciousness that cannot yet be clearly put into words. A
stirring sense of expansion, discovery, adventure and mystery.
Strange dreams, notions of change, new ideas, expanded
possibilities, creative choices. A yearning to be made over,
transformed, re-invented, re-born, expanded. Music, art,
science, philosophy and spirituality are beginning to merge.

One day a few lily pads appear on a pond, a month later, they
double in number, a few days later they double again. The pond
is half covered. The next day it is fully covered.

Listed below are some imagination stretchers designed to awaken
us to our potentials.

Focus your thoughts and imagine a book that you have written.
What is its title?

Imagine that you are a swan awakening from a long winter’s
sleep. What do you experience?

Imagine a cloudy, dark, rainy, cold day. Take a helicopter
straight up through the clouds to 35,000 feet. What do you
experience?

Imagine you are a caterpillar eating leaves, all of the leaves
are gone. You weave a cocoon and go into it. Imagine that
experience. Imagine emerging from that cocoon and flying.

Your name is Jack, you father dies. Your mother tells you to
sell the family cow for food. On the way you meet someone who
offers you magic beans for the cow. You take a chance and make
the trade.

When your mother hears what foolishness you did, she sends you
to bed without supper and throws the beans out the window. You
waken the next morning, look out the window and see a giant
beanstalk disappearing up into the heavens. Excited, you climb
the beanstalk to the very top. Notice what happens.

You are out walking in a field, you step into a hole, fall down,
down, down into a deep rabbit hole. You meet talking rabbits.
Write in your journal a dialogue with these rabbits.

You are standing before a huge mirror, you step through the
mirror into Mirrorland. What do you experience?

A hurricane comes and blows your house away land, and you find
yourself in the Land of Oz. How is your experience different
from Dorothy’s?

You are an astronaut. You blast off, your rocket goes off course
and you land on a strange planet. What happens?

Imagine that you walk up the Stargate ramp, step through the
Stargate and enter another dimension. What do you experience?

You find a treasure map, you get your equipment together, go on
a treasure hunt. Tell me what you experience. You run into
problems. What do you do? Do you see a treasure after you
overcome the barriers?

Imagine that you are Rip Van Winkle, asleep for 40 years, and
like a Sleeping Giant, you gradually wake up. Write down what
happens.

Imagine you are Daniel, thrown into a lions den with three
lions. You turn your back on them and look up to the light
coming down through the sky. What do you experience?

You are a young lad named David. You face a giant in battle and
you only have a slingshot. What happens?

Imagine you are lost for a long time in a cave, but you see a
light in the dark distance. See what happens.

You are the leader of a group of people in a swamp, and you have
to get them to safety. What happens?

You have to build a bridge across a chasm. You have the
equipment and the supplies and the help. What do you do?

You are in a helicopter looking for a child lost in the
mountains, Your job is to rescue the child. Tell me what
happens.

You have the power to be visible or invisible. You go behind
enemy lines to rescue some soldiers held as prisoners. What do
you experience and feel?.

Climb to the top of a mountain, and enter a chapel there, and
see what you experience in the chapel.

Imagine that you are equipped with diving equipment and you
descend to the bottom of the sea. You find a large rusty sword,
bring it to the surface. Now you must clean it up.

Like Superman you can endure anything, so you travel to the
center of the sun. See what you are aware of.

Imagine that you are having a Near Death Experience and you are
going through a tunnel toward the Light. What do you experience?

Imagine that someone pushes you off of a cliff, but you find
that you can fly at will. Where do you go?

You are a giant frog, waiting to be kissed by a maiden. What
happens when you are kissed?

You go through a door into the Fifth Dimension. What do you
experience?

You are on the shore of a lake and something emerges out of the
water. What do you see?

You discover that you have healing light coming out of your
hands, what do you do with it?

You learn that whatever you think or say, comes true. So what
would you want to think and say? Imagine absolute stillness and
quietness. How relaxing is that?

In the midst of movement and chaos, keep stillness inside of
you. Deepak Chopra Imagine a huge screen in your mind and see
what appears on it. You know you are evolving, when you can look
at the 'screen' in your mind, and see the bigger picture. Ellie
Crystal Imagine that you fix your eye upon a star and that
nothing can distract you from your intention. What do you
experience? Obstacles cannot crush me. Every obstacle yields to
stern resolve. He who is fixed to a star does not change his
mind. Leonardo da Vinci What would you do with unlimited power?
The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything save our
modes of thinking and we thus drift toward unparalleled
catastrophe. Albert Einstein If nothing was impossible to you,
what would you do? I have learned to use the word 'impossible'
with the greatest caution. Wernher von Braun Imagine that you
have an impartial eye. What would the world look life? He who
experiences the unity of life, sees his own Self in all beings,
and all beings in his own Self, and looks on everything with an
impartial eye. Buddha See yourself walking along the shore,
where you find a bottle with a message in it. Open the message.
What does it say?

You find a strange looking large seed. You plant it. What comes
up? Every word has a color, shape and sound. What is the shape,
color and sound of the word “PEACE” Imagine you have the
power to create anything you want, what do you create? You find
and capture a giant frog in the forest and ride him. See where
you go? Suppose you could turn anything into its opposite. What
would you choose? You have a big chunk of soil, rock and metal.
You throw it into a boiling cauldron of water, and cook it down
to its essence. What do you find left? Imagine you could create
any kind of world you want. What would you create?
- Show quoted text -

Read more...

Imagination is Divine Creativity

Author: Carroll J. Wright, Ph.D.

Article:
There is nothing to fear but our shadow and the shadow is really
nothing but misused imagination, collectively and individually.
Imagination is God. The misuse of imagination is the shadow. You
are imagination in action. And when you misuse the power of God,
you make the shadow seem real, but it is not. Imagination is
God; imagination in proper action is manifested in Jesus Christ,
Budda and the Great Ones. When one with God, we are one with the
power of imagination. Doubt, fear and misbelief are the only
things that interfere with the absolutely constructive use of
the power of imagination. Evil is the apparent misuse of
imagination.

You can read tons of books on science, theology, metaphysics,
religion, philosophy and psychology, but you will find very
little in-depth analysis and understanding of imagination.
Everyone discusses the mind, the emotions, cognition, behavior,
and the intellect, but imagination for the most part is left to
the poets and dreamers. And yet, nothing that you can see, feel,
hear or touch was created without the power of imagination.
Imagination is the source of creativity and productivity. Out of
imagination springs our thoughts, our emotions, and our actions.
All self-talk arises from imagination. Through imagination comes
the energy of life, shaping our experiences. Choice is shaped by
what we imagine we have to choose from. "...with our thoughts we
create the world..." Buddha And with our imagination, we create
our thoughts, we might add.

“According to your faith, so be it unto you” announced
Jesus. What is faith but imagination in action?

And now, the quantum physicists are telling us that every
experience and every object is created by collapsing invisible
waves into visible particles through the imaginative act. What
an awesome gift we have! What terror and beauty we create daily
through this awesome gift. How unconscious we are! What else is
worth doing except to become conscious.

Imagination is infinite. The only limits to imagination are our
fears and mis-beliefs. Imagination is infinite creativity.
Imagination is the hidden source of our very being. Imagination
is where man and God join. Consciousness is imagination in
action.

Where does suffering come from, if not from imagination? God did
not create suffering, we did. And what is suffering but the
perverted and unconscious use of imagination? We are made in the
image or imagination of God. The next step in our evolution has
to be the discovery, not of outer space, but of inner space.
Reason becomes irrationality without the proper conscious use of
imagination. Love turns into hate without the proper use of
imagination. Confidence shatters into cowardice without the
realization of the power of imagination. Dreams turn into
nightmares. “The best laid plans of mice and men often go
astray.” Get acquainted with your self. Become a Columbus in
your inner world. Discover your God nature. Let go of the victim
theme of unconscious imagination. The keys to the kingdom have
been given to us. Unlock the door to your inmost self. Anxiety
is the name of that door. Anxiety is our daily menu until and
unless we unlock the power of imagination.

A deliberate motion, of a hand for example, requires (in
average) 0.8 seconds of brain activity (readiness potential).
Yet we do not experience such a delay between our conscious
decision and the subsequent act. Libet discovered that we become
conscious of an urge to act a 1/2 a second after preparations
for it started. Obviously, our consciousness (I) does not
initiate an action, yet it fools itself that it does. It does
have though restrictive power to veto an action initiated by
non-consciousness (Me).

The importance of imagination and dreams in our daily lives as
well as in science, art, business... cannot be overstated. It
drives our lives and shapes our future. Its importance in
science is well presented and documented in the book - "Insights
of Genius" by Arthur I. Miller. A genius might be a bit better
at it, but everybody uses his imagination and dreams with a
various degree of success. Whatever we do (or not do), casts a
shadow of imagined (expected) outcome next to it. (We may not be
aware of it - but it is there.) Sometimes it is wrong and we
feel confused or embarrassed. Most of the time its nearly there,
but sometimes its a bulls eye and we are at the top of the
world.



About the author:
Carroll J. Wright, Ph.D. Psychotherapist, author, researcher,
holistic health practitioner. 50 years experience in practice.
For further information see http://selfawarenesstherapy.com
- Show quoted text -

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Children, Clothing, Color, and Personality

Author: Sophie Grace

Article:
As a psychologist I am interested in the connection between
color and personality. What kinds of people where certain
colors? What do your color choices say about you? How do certain
colors make you feel? As a parent I am interested in how these
colors affect my child and her development. Based on the
information I have found on colors and their impact on one’s
feelings I am very careful about what kinds of clothing and
colors I choose for my child to wear. It’s been found that
Blue is a color representing calmness. It helps one relax
lowering blood pressure. It’s a healing color. Blue clothing
portrays contentment and calmness. Personality traits associated
with blue are tranquil, calm, peaceful, honest, trusting, and
reliable. I will choose a blue outfit for my child if it’s
going to be a hectic day. Interesting that blue jeans always
seems to calm her. Green is associated with precise and accurate
memory, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. Personality
traits associated with green are secure, safe, sharing,
flexible, balanced, and efficient. If my child is going to
school or is involved in any educational activity, I may have
her wear green. Interesting that school uniforms usually have
green and blue somewhere in them -- calm and creative…great
combination. Red is an energetic color. Red is associated with
activity, appetite and craving. Ever wonder why restaurants
usually have lots of red colored stuff? Now you know why.
Personality traits associated with red are energetic, powerful,
strong, friendly, and warm. Yellow is the color of happiness and
cheerfulness. It is warm like the sun. Personality traits
associated with yellow are happy, cheerful, intelligent,
shining, expressive, and forgiving. If my child is going out to
have fun I will dress her in red or any shade of red such as
burgundy or yellow. Yellow for the daytime and red for the
nighttime. Purple or violet is associated with royalty,
respected, admired, humble, intuitive, dignified, valuable,
tolerant. Purple or violet is great for a formal occasion. Pink
is associated with genuineness, compassionate, loving, mature,
great, considerate, and natural. Pink is innocence so my
daughter wears pink quite often. As one can see, the colors one
wears says a lot about us and impacts our feelings and behaviors
as well so when choosing children’s clothing it’s important
to keep that in mind. Checkout this website…a website created
with color and personality in mind. Check out the following link
: http://sophiegraceandcompany.com



About the author:
A psychologist and parent who is interested in personality and
well-being.

Read more...

Are Sleeping Pills the Only Way?

Author: Jennifer Baxt

Article:
If there is one thing that many people are guilty of, it is
looking for the quick fix instead of trying healthier
alternatives first. There are some people who try many
alternatives before they turn to conventional medicinal therapy,
but more will unfortunately opt for the pills rather than give
alternatives a fair chance. It appears to be human nature to be
a little impatient to start with, but with today’s pressures
in trying to make a living and get everything done in one day,
tolerance takes a dive and impatience soars. It could be for
this reason that many will go for the typically temporary
medicinal therapy and try to make it a permanent solution to
their problem. This is especially true for people who are
suffering from insomnia or difficulty in trying to sleep. Rather
than try and change their diet or their daily habits that
possibly contribute to their problem, they go for the pills
because it is easier. Unfortunately, this can have a negative
effect on the individual who becomes reliant on a solution that
is actually meant to be a temporary therapy.

People don’t often stop to think about what can happen if they
rely on something too long. Many can become so dependant on
sleeping pills that without them they can’t get to sleep at
all. In fact, some people can actually develop and addiction to
sleeping pills. What most people will be unaware of is that
sleeping pills don’t actually allow the body to get the rest
it needs. The pills put the person under, but this is a forced
sleep and is not one that the body reacts to overly well over a
long period of time. After a while, the person can become
affected emotionally, even to the point of becoming irritable
and depressed. When it really gets down to it, downing pills
doesn’t solve the initial problems. They are simply a quick
fix that the person takes advantage of instead of trying to find
out why they can’t sleep and finding sleep in a natural way.

Really, no medications should be taken without consulting a
doctor. People who are having trouble sleeping can contact an
online therapist or counselor and discuss their difficulty
getting to sleep. While they go through the therapy, they might
prescribed some temporary medications that can help them relax
and sleep while they go through therapy to find out why they
might be having trouble sleeping. The online therapist can
easily communicate with the patient through messaging back and
forth and can help the patient uncover any issues the patient
might have. In most cases, when these issues are exposed and
dealt with, the patient can eventually have an easier time
falling asleep without the aid of sleeping pills. Difficulty in
finding sleep can be solved in many ways without having to rely
on the help of sleeping pills. It is better for both the mind
and body when a person can relax and go to sleep naturally.
There is no artificial supplement to sleep that will give the
person the quality of rest they get from the natural thing.

About the author:
Jennifer B. Baxt, LMHC, LMFT offers online audio/video
counseling as well as works with children, individuals, couples,
geriatric patients, depression, bipolar, anxiety and substance
abuse. Please contact Complete Counseling Solutions via email
jennifer@completecounselingsolutions.com or visit our website
http://www.completecounselingsolutions.com for any further
information.

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Hypnosis for Weight Loss - The Hidden Dangers

Author: Dave Marrow

Article:
Hypnosis for weight loss has been becoming quite the rage, and
it seems to be working. But are there any dangers?

Evidence suggests that hypnosis for weight loss is a very
effective way to achieve your fitness goals. It helps people
feel more energized, eat healthier and crave less. In addition,
hypnosis can allows your subconscious to visualize what it is
like to be fit, and when your mind actually believes you have
lost weight and are in the greatest shape of your life, your
body naturally follows.

The dangers of using hypnosis for weight loss, however, have to
do with the hypnotist themselves. It's important that they have
some background or understanding on appropriate nutritional and
exercise programs that work, otherwise you risk being programmed
into doing the wrong things.

When most people go on a diet or exercise program they generally
do it all wrong, which is why they don't get the results they
expect. As a result, any improper hypnosis treatment may
encourage you to exercise too much and eat too little.
Unfortunately what most people get wrong is that you have to eat
more regularly when you exercise, but you have to eat properly
and avoid binging. When a hypnotist gets the appropriate balance
right, the results are greater than if you were to try to
motivate yourself to lose weight and get in better shape.

With modern hypnosis for weight loss techniques, however, you
can avoid all of this by learning how to hypnotize yourself and
reprogramming your mind to achieve your goals. This goes with
using hypnosis to quit smoking, earn more money, and build
better relationships as well.

About the author:
Learn more about href="http://www.hypnotizeminds.info">hypnosis for weight
loss and how to
hypnotize by by visiting Hypnotize Minds.

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Hypnosis for Weight Loss - How Effective is It?

Author: Dave Marrow

Article:
Popularity of using hypnosis for weight loss is gaining full
steam, but it is by no means a new method. As obesity continues
to be on the rise, people are more and more welcoming to
alternative treatments and methods to cure the disease, but does
hypnosis for weight loss really work?

According to the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
it does. A 1996 issue of this journal referenced an experiment
where a sample of subjects went under hypnosis before going on
their diet and exercise regime, while the other group received
no hypnosis treatment. The results showed that 97 percent of the
subjects who undergone hypnosis lost more weight then the
subjects who did not receive the additional treatment.
Furthermore, the residual weight loss following the experiment
continued to be successful, and the hypnotized group lost more
than 140% more weight than the individuals who did no go under
hypnosis.

How is this possible? When done correctly, hypnosis can
strengthen ideas, and persuade you do act and think in another
way. By entering a relaxed state of mind, subtle messages can be
implanted deep within your subconscious and be used to produce
the results you want.

An experienced hypnotist will place suggestions of healthy
eating in your mind, the desire to exercise, and make you feel
more energized. In addition, hypnosis for weight loss will make
you imagine what you will look and feel like when you are in
shape, and therefore motivate you to stay the course. By seeing
yourself as skinny, in shape and as a healthy eater, you will
work harder to validate that perception. As a result a real life
example of perception becoming reality occurs.

About the author:
Learn more about href="http://www.hypnotizeminds.info">hypnosis for weight
loss and how to
hypnotize by by visiting Hypnotize Minds.
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Hypnosis for Weight Loss - Get it Right

Author: Dave Marrow

Article:
Many people are flocking to schedule sessions with the best
hypnotherapist in their areas, and purchasing programs to learn
how to use hypnosis for weight loss on their own. As silly as it
may seem, the technique works, and these people are seeing
results.

A study a reported in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology indicated that 97% of the subjects that participated
in and experiment lost more weight than the sample of subjects
that did not undergo any hypnosis treatment. Following the
experiment, the effectiveness continued to increase by over 140
percent.

So what do you have to do to make sure hypnosis for weight loss
works for you?

It's important to realize that you can't just hypnotize yourself
and root thoughts of losing weight and excercising more into
your subconscious mind. You have to insert the right hypnosis
for weight loss thoughts.

For one, it's important to also visualize what it is you will
look like when you are fit and what it would be like. How will
people who haven't seen you in a long time react? What will you
eat? What kind of close will you wear? Will people be more
friendly and polite? What will if feel like to go to the gym and
get a good workout?

Once you have seeded these thoughts deep into your subconscious,
your mind starts to believe you have already reached your goal.
As a result you will naturally lose weight without any effort.

But it's also important as you use hypnosis for weight loss that
you understand the right exercise and diet that will create the
results you want. For instance, eating less and working out more
will not the proper way to lose weight. If you program your mind
to exercise and eat in a way that produces the best results, you
will reach your goals much faster than expected. By integrating
a little self hypnosis into your weight loss regime, you will
achieve success and feel great about your results.

About the author:
Learn more about href="http://www.hypnotizeminds.info">hypnosis for weight
loss and how to
hypnotize by visiting Hypnotize Minds.
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Hypnosis for Weight Loss

Author: Dave Marrow

Article:
Using hypnosis for weight loss is nothing new, but public
awareness is definitely on the rise as hypnosis is becoming a
more accepted way to treat bad habits and illnesses. What used
to be something that was only done by a highly trained
hypnotherapist that "knew the secret" to hypnotizing people, is
now being performed by individuals in their own homes.

Hypnosis used to be a rare skill that only a handful of talented
people knew how to do. But since modern psychology started to
study the subconscious mind in more detail, research on how to
undergo and perform hypnosis started to become published. As a
result, anyone can access this information, train themselves in
a relatively short period, and use hypnosis for weight loss, to
become more successful, to get other people to think and do
things that you subtly suggest, and even to quit smoking.

By using hypnotic techniques on yourself, you can train your
subconscious mind to dislike junk food, reduce cravings,
increase your metabolism and feel more energized to exercise. By
using therapeutic forms of suggestion, you can enable yourself
to temporarily enter an altered state of consciousness in order
to chance your beliefs and behaviors in order to create positive
changes in your life.

Using hypnosis for weight loss has been confirmed by the
scientific community. For instance, a 1996 report in the Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology indicated that 97 percent
of the subjects that participated in hypnosis for weight loss
experiment actually lost more weight than the sample to subjects
that did not undergo any hypnosis treatment. Following the
experiment, the effectiveness continued to increase by over 140
percent. This is just one example of many studies that have
conclusive evidence that hypnosis works as a method to increase
weight loss.

About the author:
Learn more about>http://www.hypnotizeminds.info">hypnosis for weight
loss and http://www.hypnotizeminds.info">how to
hypnotize by by visiting Hypnotize Minds.

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